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CAN PROBLEM GAMBLING COEXIST WITH OTHER MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES?

Gambling-related harm often occurs alongside other mental health conditions, reflecting a broader pattern of co-occurring disorders, or what clinicians refer to as comorbidity. Understanding this link between gambling and mental health is vital because the presence of one disorder can often mask, exacerbate, or even trigger the other.

The Hard Truth About Gambling And Mental Health

Gambling disorder and broader patterns of problematic gambling behavior are characterized by difficulty limiting time or money spent on gambling, which may lead to negative personal or social outcomes. Individuals experiencing gambling-related difficulties may: 

  • Rapidly increase the amount of money they spend on bets
  • Become restless when they stop betting
  • Are often preoccupied with the thought of gambling

The expansion of online sports betting has increased accessibility, which may contribute to higher exposure and, for some individuals, increased risk of developing gambling-related difficulties.

Common Co-Occurring Disorders Of Problem Gambling

Problem gambling is often not the only behavioral challenge players can face. Research indicates that gambling disorder is one of the most comorbid conditions in psychiatry. Data from the National Comorbidity Study suggests that up to 96% of individuals with a gambling disorder meet the criteria for at least one other lifetime psychiatric disorder, and more than 60% report with three or more. 

Some of the most common-occurring disorders of problem gambling include:

  • Mood Disorders: Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are highly prevalent co-occurring disorders of problem gambling, with some studies showing nearly 50% of disordered gamblers reporting a mood disorder. Social isolation, impulse control and a feeling of hopelessness are common in those who experience these conditions. Recent ICRG-funded studies on young adults aged 18–25, have shown that problem sports betting is strongly correlated with elevated levels of loneliness, stress, and lower life satisfaction.
  • Anxiety Disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety and panic disorder are also common comorbid mental health conditions associated with problem gambling. Some individuals may engage in gambling as a way of coping with anxiety. While short-term relief may be experienced, this pattern can, for some, contribute to repeated engagement that reinforces both anxiety and gambling behavior.
  • Substance Abuse Disorders: Alcohol and drug use are the most common companions to problem gambling. They often arise as a result of problem gambling, as players seek ways to manage their stress or emotions. Substance use and gambling behaviors often co-occur, with each potentially reinforcing the other in ways that can increase overall risk.
  • Personality Disorders: Certain personality traits, such as impulsivity or difficulties with emotional regulation, have been associated with increased vulnerability to gambling-related harm.

The Importance Of Sports Betting-Related Mental Health Research

The International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG) has been at the forefront of identifying how these associations manifest, specifically within the rapidly growing sector of sports wagering. 

According to a 2026 ICRG-funded study published in Addictive Behaviors, depression and anxiety are significantly related to problem sports betting. The research identified coping methods among participants, such as using betting as a form of self-medication to deal with negative emotion, escape the numbing effects of depression or quiet the high-frequency noise of anxiety. Some participants reported using betting as a way to manage negative emotional states, with short-term reinforcement potentially contributing to continued engagement.

Further sports betting studies reveal young adults who exhibit symptoms of problem gambling also score high on indices of mental health symptomology. However, this emerging area of public health interest has been largely unexplored due to a lack of research and funding, putting the greater population at risk. Fortunately, the International Center for Responsible Gaming is closing this gap. As a leading funder of independent, peer-reviewed research on gambling and its impacts, ICRG is shaping policy and driving progress for the gaming industry and those affected. To learn more about the unbiased, peer-reviewed research we fund, visit icrg.org.

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UNDERSTANDING RISK FACTORS ACROSS SPORTS BETTING AND CASINO GAMBLING

From poker chips to betting apps, the public image of gambling is rapidly changing. In recent years, online sports betting has skyrocketed in popularity, allowing adults both young and old to bet on everything from professional football games to table tennis tournaments right from the palm of their hand. The growing prevalence of sports betting has many speculating that online gambling may be associated with distinct risk factors that are still being actively studied.

Recent casino gambling comparison research funded by the International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG) suggests that sports betting in its modern, mobile form can present unique risk factors that lead to higher rates of problematic behavior compared to traditional, in-person casino gambling. 

What Makes Sports Betting Unique

Since becoming legalized in 2018, the sports betting industry has seen exponential growth, with total wagers going from $4.9 billion in 2017 to $121.1 billion in 2023. This has also coincided with increased reports of problem gambling. The percentage of internet searches for help with problem gambling has risen at nearly the same rate during the same time period, with searches surging 61% since its legalization.

Some sports betting studies suggest that the prevalence of gambling-related problems may be higher among individuals who bet on sports in mobile environments. For example, while about 1-2% of the general population may meet the criteria for a gambling disorder, that number can climb to 16% for those who primarily engage in online sports betting.

Sports Betting Vs. Casino Gambling Comparison

The primary driver behind the rising concern over sports betting is not just the act of wagering, but the psychology of skill. When evaluating the behaviors of traditional casino gamblers versus online sports bettors, it’s important to compare the differences and similarities between the two. Factors that may influence addictiveness include:

  • Illusion of Control: Casino games (like slots or roulette) are widely recognized as games of pure chance. Conversely, sports bettors often believe their knowledge of a team, player stats, or weather conditions gives them an edge. The illusion of control may influence decision-making and perceptions of risk, fueling the urge to chase losses.
  • Accessibility: Increased accessibility, including 24/7 mobile availability, may contribute to more frequent engagement and reduced natural breaks between betting opportunities. Traditionally, a casino provided a physical barrier to entry, as most casinos are restricted to small geographic areas that require travel. In contrast, sports betting is available 24/7 on a smartphone. This allows players to easily integrate gambling into their daily routine from the comfort of their homes. 
  • Frequency: Features like “in-play” or “micro-betting” (betting on the next play, pitch, or point) increase event frequency, which may reduce time between decisions and influence impulsive behavior for some users.
  • Socialization: In traditional casino gambling, gamblers interact face-to-face, leading to a social aspect that can occasionally distract from the games and bets. Online sports betting shifts the social context of gambling, with less in-person interaction and greater individual engagement.

Emerging Risks Considerations For Sports Betting

Research funded by the ICRG has also identified a strong correlation between frequent sports betting and other addictive behaviors. A 2025 study highlighted that sports bettors are more likely to experience co-occurring issues, particularly hazardous alcohol use and high levels of stress or anxiety. Because sports betting is often viewed as a social, competitive hobby, the transition from fan to problem gambler can be harder to spot than in a traditional casino setting.

The Importance Of Funding Sports Betting Research

The rise of sports betting is creating a growing and evolving population of sports bettors whose behaviors and risk profiles are not yet fully understood. However, this populace has largely been unexplored due to a lack of research and funding. To bridge the gap in understanding sports betting, the International Center for Responsible Gaming supports research to better understand these patterns and inform evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies. 

To learn more about our research, visit icrg.org.

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ICRG Names Eileen Moore Johnson New Board Chair

Board Member and Industry leader appointed as Chair of the International Center of Responsible Gaming’s Board of Directors

[LAS VEGAS, NV] — [August 26, 2025] — The International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG), a leading nonprofit organization dedicated to scientific research and education on gambling disorder and responsible gambling, announces the appointment of Eileen Moore Johnson as the new Chair of its Board of Directors.

With over 30 years of leadership experience in executive and operational areas of hospitality, casino gaming, and destination transportation, Eileen displays a notable interest in advancing responsible gaming practices through research driven education on problem gambling. She succeeds ICRG’s, now President, Michael Soll, continuing the organization’s mission to support evidence-based research and provide independent, peer-reviewed resources for policymakers, industry leaders, clinicians, and the public.

A Demonstrated Leader in Gaming and Hospitality

Most recently, Eileen served as General Manager and Strategic Advisor to The Boring Company’s Vegas Loop, where she helped guide the development and expansion of the first all-electric, zero-emissions underground public transportation system. 

Preceding her role at The Boring Company, she was the Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer for Scientific Games Corporation/Light & Wonder, where she was responsible for global human resources, sustainability, philanthropy, responsible gaming, and DEI initiatives.

Eileen also had a two-decade-long career in corporate strategy and operations at Caesars Entertainment, where she grew to Regional President, supervising four major Las Vegas Strip resorts. Her dedication to promoting responsible gaming throughout her career has been significant through her long participation and leadership of multiple properties and Responsible Gaming Committees.  

Commitment to Responsible Gaming and Community Service

Eileen is a sustained presence in the promotion of responsible gaming, demonstrated by her service on the ICRG Executive Committee, as a Founding Board Member of Global Gaming Women, and as a strategic advisor to boards in hospitality, technology, and e-commerce. 

Currently serving on the University of Nevada, Las Vegas College of Hospitality Dean’s Advisory Board, Eileen also plays a significant role in the progression of social impact initiatives in higher education. Formerly, she held board positions with the University of Houston, University of Indiana Southeast, the Muhammad Ali Center, and the Kentucky Science Center .

Advancing ICRG’s Mission

“The ICRG has significantly increased and diversified its research funding in recent years, and I am proud to help continue that mission,” said Moore Johnson. “I am honored to serve as Chair of the ICRG Board and to advance the belief that science drives best practices in policy, prevention, and treatment.”

Michael Soll, ICRG President, added: “Eileen’s remarkable leadership experience, diverse industry knowledge, and commitment to responsible gaming will help steer ICRG into our next chapter of growth and impact.”

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About the International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG)

The International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG), founded in 1996, continues to serve as the only funding source for scientific research on gambling disorder and responsible gambling in the United States. It is recognized as a global leader on these topics and has yielded nearly 500 articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. For more information, visit www.icrg.org.

Media Contact:

Noelle Mancini
Operations and Marketing Manager
[email protected] | 978.338.6610

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Michael Soll Named Next President of ICRG

JUNE 18, 2025

Michael Soll Named Next President of ICRG
Board member and gaming industry research veteran to lead organization beginning July 7

The International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG) today announced the appointment of Michael Soll as president beginning July 7. Soll succeeds Arthur Paikowsky who is credited with facilitating significant growth in high quality, peer-reviewed research at ICRG, transforming its ability to mitigate player harms and creating a more sustainable environment for the gaming industry. Paikowsky will join the ICRG board of directors and remain a valuable voice in the organization’s future. 

Soll has served on the ICRG board of directors since 2022 and brings nearly 30 years of gaming industry experience to the organization. Most recently, he has served as president of The Innovation Group (TIG), a premier research and advisory firm serving the global gaming, entertainment, and hospitality industries. Soll’s experience in gaming is matched by two decades of philanthropic leadership, where he has served actively as a board member, fundraiser and day-to-day administrator.

Soll began his career as a city planner and social policy analyst. His focus shifted to finance and hospitality after directing asset management at Starwood Hotels & Resorts, then serving as vice president, gaming and leisure equity research, at Bear Stearns & Co. Prior to joining TIG in 2008, he held planning and development roles at Hard Rock International and Caesars Entertainment, working in emerging U.S. commercial, tribal and international gaming jurisdictions. Soll was named one of “25 People to Watch” by Global Gaming Business magazine in 2019.

“Michael’s background makes him a particularly astute choice to lead the ICRG at this moment,” said Mark Lipparelli, ICRG Chair Emeritus. “The Innovation Group is perhaps best known for its rigorous industry research measuring the economic and social outcomes of gambling. The appointment of a gaming research expert like Michael gives us decades of first-hand experience balancing stakeholder interests with research integrity and quality. It really puts a point on the current needs of the organization.”

“I am honored and privileged to begin leading the ICRG, whose mission I became passionate about while serving its board of directors,” said Soll. “During his tenure, Art and team have instituted transformational changes that create a sustainable future for the organization – I’m excited to build upon Art’s work and help drive significant, high-quality research with actionable results.”


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About ICRG
The International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG), founded in 1996, continues to serve as the only funding source for scientific research on gambling disorder and responsible gambling in the United States. It is recognized as a global leader on these topics and has yielded nearly 500 articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Contact
Noelle Mancini
[email protected]
978.38.6110

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NFL Partners with ICRG to Advance Research on Gambling Behaviors Among College Athletes and Students

In Addition to Research, the Partnership will Provide Funding from the NFL Foundation for Educational Resources to Help Prevent Youth Gambling Exposure 

NEW YORK – June 4, 2025 – The National Football League (NFL) today announced a partnership with the International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG) to address growing concerns around gambling behaviors among college athletes and students. The NFL Foundation will contribute $600,000 over three years to support independent, peer-reviewed research being led by the ICRG that aims to explore the prevalence, risk factors, and impacts of gambling behaviors in these populations. 

While initial studies have indicated that college athletes may be at higher risk for gambling problems, there remains a lack of comprehensive, current data on how college populations interact with online sports betting platforms. This NFL-ICRG initiative will empower independent researchers to explore a wide range of topics with the goal of informing data-driven prevention strategies, education, and policies aimed at reducing gambling-related harm. Grant applications will be peer-reviewed prior to the selection of the final recipient by the ICRG Independent Scientific Advisory Board.

Additionally, the NFL will fund an update to the ICRG’s “Talking with Children About Gambling” educational resources to equip parents, coaches, and educators with practical guidance to help prevent youth gambling exposure before college. Educational materials will be widely available online and distributed to schools, community sports organizations, and youth programs nationwide.

“We’re proud to partner with the ICRG to advance research that can drive meaningful solutions and address a critical gap in the understanding of gambling behaviors among college athletes and students,” said Anna Isaacson, NFL senior vice president of social responsibility. “This initiative reflects our ongoing commitment to promoting responsible gambling and fostering a safe and supportive environment for athletes, fans, and communities.”

“The NFL has once again demonstrated its commitment to player and fan protection by supporting this critical research targeting young adults,” said Arthur Paikowsky, President of ICRG. “The NFL and ICRG together will make a meaningful contribution to understanding and implementing policies and programs that support a safer gambling environment.”

Strengthening the NFL’s Commitment to Responsible Gambling

The ICRG partnership builds on the NFL’s ongoing efforts to promote responsible gambling, complementing existing initiatives with organizations like the National Council on Problem Gambling (NCPG) and the Responsible Gambling Council (RGC). 

Through these partnerships, the NFL continues to demonstrate its commitment to addressing emerging challenges in the ever-evolving sports betting landscape and to providing fans, athletes and communities with the tools and resources they need to engage responsibly.

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Media Contacts:

Alex Riethmiller, NFL, [email protected]
Arthur Paikowsky, ICRG, [email protected]

About the International Center for Responsible Gaming

The ICRG, for nearly 30 years, has been the leader in funding peer reviewed evidence-based scientific research to better understand gambling disorder and gambling problems.  Our goal is to provide tools to the gambling industry to mitigate harm to players and to support responsible gambling practices.  Funded research has been published over 500 times in some of the most prestigious journals in the world and research is being conducted in many countries across the globe.  For more information, visit www.icrg.org. 

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New Study Reveals Link Between Sports Gambling and Alcohol-Related Risks

The relationship between gambling and alcohol consumption has long been a topic of concern in public health and addiction research. A new study, published in JAMA Psychiatry and funded by the International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG), provides compelling evidence of the connection between sports gambling frequency and alcohol-related problems over time.

Key Findings: Gambling and Alcohol-Related Risks

The study, which followed over 4,300 U.S. adults for two years, found that fluctuations in sports gambling frequency were closely tied to changes in alcohol-related harms. While alcohol-related problems slightly declined overall, individuals who frequently engaged in sports betting were more likely to experience drinking-related issues.

Dr. Joshua B. Grubbs of the University of New Mexico, the study’s lead researcher, emphasized the significance of these findings:

“These results highlight the need for screening and intervention strategies targeting sports gamblers who also drink. The interaction between these behaviors may increase the risks associated with both.”

Given the rapid expansion of legal sports betting in the U.S., this study underscores the need for proactive harm-reduction strategies to protect consumers from potential co-occurring risks.

ICRG’s Commitment to Research and Responsible Gambling

As the largest independent funder of gambling research in the U.S., ICRG has played a pivotal role in advancing knowledge on gambling behaviors, addiction risks, and responsible gambling strategies. This latest study builds on prior ICRG-supported research, including:

  • Sports bettors face higher risks of addiction compared to other gambling groups, with a strong link to binge drinking (JAMA Network Open, 2024).
  • Impulsivity is a key predictor of high-risk gambling behaviors, reinforcing the need for tailored interventions (Addictive Behaviors, 2024).
  • Not all sports betting carries the same level of risk, highlighting the importance of customized responsible gambling strategies (Journal of Gambling Studies, 2024).
  • Marginalized communities require culturally sensitive harm-reduction efforts to address unique gambling challenges (Addictive Behaviors, 2023).

Recognizing Our Research and Funding Partners

Groundbreaking research like this is only possible with the support of our dedicated funding partners. We extend our gratitude to:

🎰 American Gaming Association
🏆 MGM Resorts International
📱 DraftKings
🏇 William Hill/US Caesars Entertainment
🎲 Entain
🏎️ NASCAR
🎸 Hard Rock International
⛳ The PGA
🎮 IGT

Their commitment to responsible gambling and evidence-based solutions helps advance research that informs industry best practices and public policy.

What’s Next?

This study is part of an ongoing effort to assess gambling behaviors over time, with additional research from this dataset currently under peer review. As sports gambling continues to expand, it is crucial that research-driven insights inform responsible gambling initiatives, public health policies, and industry best practices.

At ICRG, we remain committed to funding rigorous, independent research to promote safer gambling environments and evidence-based solutions.

📖 Read the full study and learn more about our work at JAMA Network.

JAMA Network

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Gambling Disorder Screening Day

The 11th Annual Gambling Disorder Screening Day is Tuesday, March 11. Did you know that worldwide, less than 10% of people experiencing Gambling Disorder seek treatment for it? Screening is a low-cost way to raise awareness and help people learn when their gambling has crossed a line. To get more people thinking about their relationship with gambling, you can share the 3-question Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen.

Click here to learn more!

If you would like BBGS magnets, please email [email protected]!

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Groundbreaking Study Introduces the Positive Play Quiz: A New Era for Responsible Gambling

The International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG) is thrilled to announce a groundbreaking study funded by an ICRG Seed Grant that brings a new, innovative approach to promoting responsible gambling.

Dr. Nassim Tabri and Dr. Michael Wohl of Carleton University, in collaboration with Dr. Richard Wood of Gamres, have published their research in Addiction, a leading journal in addiction science. The study highlights the Positive Play Quiz, a cutting-edge tool designed to enhance Gambling Literacy and encourage responsible gambling practices.

This large-scale randomized controlled trial involved over 4,000 Canadian adults with recent gambling experience. Participants who received feedback through the Positive Play Quiz showed significant improvements in their understanding of gambling mechanics, confidence in using responsible gambling tools, and intentions to adopt responsible behaviors. These findings are particularly timely as online gambling grows globally, addressing misconceptions about odds and mechanics that often drive disordered gambling.

The study represents a major advancement in addiction prevention, with results demonstrating the Positive Play Quiz’s potential to empower players to make informed decisions and reduce high-risk behaviors.

Take the Positive Play Quiz yourself here and explore your gambling literacy.

Read the full open-access article here.

ICRG congratulates Drs. Tabri, Wohl, and Wood on this significant achievement, which marks a new chapter in the fight against gambling harm.

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A Year of Impact and Vision – Arthur Paikowsky Reflects on ICRG’s 2024 Achievements

As the year comes to an end, ICRG President Arthur Paikowsky shares insights on how 2024 has shaped the organization’s mission to assist the gaming industry in minimizing harm to players.

ICRG had a banner year in 2024, marked by remarkable growth in research and educational initiatives. Here are some highlights from Paikowsky’s recent interview:

Raising the Bar for Responsible Gaming

  • ICRG is currently managing 34 active research studies addressing key topics like sports wagering behavior, slot machine appeal, and the intersection of teen drinking and gambling.
  • This year’s funding has also supported three conferences and five webinars, expanding the reach of responsible gaming education.

ICRG remains committed to fostering collaboration, advancing research, and ensuring that player well-being stays at the forefront of gaming innovation.

Read the full interview with Arthur Paikowsky and learn how ICRG is driving the future of responsible gaming.

Click here!

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